Mount Sandel - Mesolithic Settlement in Ireland

Mount Sandel lies on a high bluff overlooking the River Bann and it is the remains of a small collection of huts provide evidence of the first people who lived in what is now Ireland. The County Derry site of Mount Sandel is named for its Iron Age fort site, believed by some to be Kill Santain or Kilsandel, famous in Irish history as the residence of the marauding Norman king John de Courcy in the 12th century AD. But the small archaeological site east of the remains of the fort is of far greater importance to the prehistory of western Europe. The Mesolithic site at Mount Sandel was excavated during the 1970s by Peter Woodman of University College Cork. Woodman found evidence of up to seven structures, at least four of which may represent rebuildings. Six of the structures are circular huts of six meters (about 19 feet) across, with a central interior hearth. The seventh structure is smaller, only three meters in diameter (about six feet), with an exterior hearth. The huts were made of bent sapling, inserted into the ground in a circle, and then covered over, probably with deer hide. Dates and Site Assemblage Radiocarbon dates at the site indicate that Mount Sandel is among the earliest human occupations in Ireland, first occupied around 7000 BC. Stone tools recovered from the site include a huge variety of microliths, which as you can tell from the word, are tiny stone flakes and tools. Tools found at the site include flint axes, needles, scalene triangle-shaped microliths, pick-like tools, backed blades, and a few hide scrapers. Although preservation at the site was not very good, one hearth included some bone fragments and hazelnuts. A series of marks on the ground are interpreted as a fish-drying rack, and other diet items may have been eel, mackerel, red deer, game birds, wild pig, shellfish, and an occasional seal. The site may have been occupied year-round, but if so, the settlement was tiny, including no more than fifteen people at a time, which is quite small for a group subsisting on hunting and gathering. By 6000 BC, Mount Sandel was abandoned to the later generations. Red Deer and the Mesolithic in Ireland Irish Mesolithic specialist Michael Kimball (University of Maine at Machias) writes: Recent research (1997) suggests that red deer may not have been present in Ireland until the Neolithic (earliest solid evidence dates to around 4000 bp). This is significant because it implies that the largest terrestrial mammal available for exploitation during Irelands Mesolithic may have been the wild pig. This is a very different resource pattern than that which characterizes most of Mesolithic Europe, including Irelands next door neighbor, Britain (which was chock full of deer, e.g., Star Carr, etc.). One other point unlike Britain and the Continent, Ireland has NO Paleolithic (at least none has yet been discovered). This means that the Early Mesolithic as seen via Mt. Sandel likely represents Irelands first human inhabitants. If the pre-Clovis folks are right, North America was discovered before Ireland! Sources Cunliffe, Barry. 1998. Prehistoric Europe: An Illustrated History. Oxford University Press, Oxford.Flanagan, Laurence. 1998. Ancient Ireland: Life before the Celts. St. Martins Press, New York.Woodman, Peter. 1986. Why not an Irish Upper Paleolithic? Studies in the Upper Paleolithic of Britain and Northwest Europe. British Archaeological Reports, International Series 296:43-54.

Essay on Theme of Epiphany in James Joyces Ulysses

The Theme of Epiphany in Ulysses James Joyces Ulysses is a novel of epic proportions that has been proclaimed the greatest piece of literature of the twentieth century. Ulysses takes place in Dublin, Ireland on June 16, 1904. The book is full of parallels, metaphors, and experimental literary techniques. However, a dominant theme is that of epiphany. Not necessarily religious in meaning, the Joycean idea of epiphany is a sudden discovery of the essential nature or meaning of something. In Ulysses, Joyce describes the pursuits of two main protagonists, Leopold Bloom and Stephen Dedalus, both individuals yearning for something more. As the day progresses the two characters unknowingly cross paths until, as a result†¦show more content†¦Only, when he encounters Bloom and his fatherly charity can Stephen find the aspects of a grown man in himself. Mr. Leopold Bloom ate with relish the inner organs of beasts and fowls, (55) and is the main focus of much of the novel. Bloom is an advertisement salesman for an Irish paper and is quite ordinary. Although an everyman, Bloom is elevated to hero status by Joyces direct representation of inner monologue. Experiencing the thoughts and fantasies straight from Blooms unconscious, the reader befriends the bourgeois man and comes to know well his many quirks. But Bloom is not without his own yearnings. Blooms life is centered around his wife Molly. He brings her breakfast in bed and buys her gifts of lotions and erotic lingerie, despite his knowledge of her adulterous lifestyle. Though they have a fifteen year old daughter who is away at school, Bloom is without son and heir. His son Rudy died at an early age and Bloom thoughts always return to him. This image of youth and a second chance Bloom eventually finds in Stephen. After teaching a class and engaging in Shakespearean conversation at the library, Stephen ends his afternoon by drinking with some friends at a maternity house. Bloom, who stops by to visit a female companion who has been in labor for three days, joins Stephen and his medical student friends. Bloom is good friends with Simon Dedalus, Stephen father, and it is for this reason he decidesShow MoreRelatedStyle and Themes of James Joyce2485 Words   |  10 PagesBesmer 1 Brian Besmer Mr. Anselmo English IV 11/13/00 Styles of James Joyce I will be discussing the styles of James Joyce and how his life experiences, his surroundings, and himself affected his writings this area. James Joyce is an extremely versatile author. He has written books that were entire collections of short stories such as Dubliners and long novels such as Ulysses. Much of Joyces life contributed to his writings and he has been influence by many people andRead MoreJames Joyce Annotated Bibliography Essay3544 Words   |  15 PagesJoyces modernistic view of Dublin society permeates all of his writings. The Irish experiences account for a large portion of Joyces writings. Stephen Dedalus is sometimes Joyces pseudonym and represents Joyce and his life in Joyces works. Joyce plays a crucial role in the modernist movement in literature. Some of the well known innovative techniques used by Joyce are symbolism, realism and stream-of consciousness. James Joyces writings contain autobiographical matter and display his view ofRead MoreJames Joyce and the Dead Essay897 Words   |  4 PagesIn the year of 1882 in Dublin a famous writer of the name James Joyce was born and as of the year of 1941 in Zurich, Switzerland James Joyce passed away at the age of 59. Joyce began his career by writing short stories that engraved, with extraordinary clarity, aspects of Dublin life. These stories were published a part of th e Dubliners in 1914. Fifteen stories of his filled the pages within Dubliners the stories are: The Sisters, An Encounter, Araby, Eveline, After the Race, Two Gallants, The boardingRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesthe narrative actually occurs. Nor is there any special reason that the crisis should occur at or near the middle of the plot. It can, in fact, occur at any moment. In James Joyce’s â€Å"Araby† and in a number of the other companion stories in â€Å"Dubliners† the crisis – in the form of a sudden illumination that Joyce called an epiphany – occurs at the very end of the story, and the falling action and the resolution are dispensed with altogether. Exposition and complication can also be omitted in favourRead MoreAnalysis: Dogville30953 Words   |  124 Pageswhich makes it hard to attribute certain attitudes to it. In the analysis, this thesis is investigated, and in the discussion, the filmà ¢â‚¬â„¢s form is compared to its content. This report concludes that the film is expressly conscious of form and that the themes, it presents, are subordinate to the form. The film is an aesthetical provocation. The analysis is exemplified but not documented throughout. The authors suggest any readers that they watch the film before they read the report. 2 Resumà © Kapitel

The Benefits of Sexual Education in Public Schools

Sex is a predominant part of life, and that is not changing anytime soon. A common response to this is to dismiss the conversation. Instead of overlooking the problem like the majority of individuals, an inquiry into what is being taught/shown to youth is needed. Strasburger, the author of â€Å"Adolescents, Sex, and the Media: Ooooo, Baby, Baby—a Q A† notes: â€Å"I’ve often wondered what it would be like if we taught young people swimming the same way we teach sexuality. If we told them that swimming was an important adult activity one they will all have to be skilled at when they grow up, but we never talked with them about it. We never showed them the pool . . . but when they asked a question about how swimming felt or what it was about, they†¦show more content†¦Sexual education teachers have to counteract thousands of hours of annual exposure to sex-saturated media in just a few hours. In addition to the media, educators must struggle with a range of sex education programs. Courses with immensely different objectives, arrangements, time spans, and applications are frequently categorized in the general heading of sexual education. Just the terminology tossed around can be vague. The names â€Å"abstinence-only†, â€Å"abstinence-based education†, â€Å"abstinence-only-until-marriage†, and â€Å"comprehensive sexual education† programs, otherwise known as â€Å"abstinence-plus† programs, are all used and they have also been known to be called â€Å"risk-reduction†, â€Å"risk-avoidance† or â€Å"risk elimination† (Beshers 637). With unclear expressions such as this teens come out of different programs and courses thinking, for example, that having oral sex is the same as being sexually abstinent. Not only that, but sexual education has been notorious for covering many other topics besides sexual intercourse, pre gnancy, and STD’s including puberty, body image, gender roles, and sexual orientation. Some programs have been known to be religious, while most are far more secular. Some courses were designed to encourage abstinence, others to improve knowledge, attitudes, and expertise of contraception. Some concentrated on avoiding STDs and others focused on circumventing pregnancies. Some focused on sexually inexperienced youth, others on the sexuallyShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Sexual Education On Public Schools908 Words   |  4 PagesHow Sexual Education In Public Schools Benefit By: Michelle Schlichting English Composition I November 2015 Sexual education in public schools has many benefits. This is of course if every public school would be willing to provide their students with the opportunity to be able to take this class. Therefore I believe that some sort of sexual education class should be provided to all high school students in public schools. Sexual Education should be taught in high schools for quite a numberRead MoreSex Education : A High Amount Of Controversy1580 Words   |  7 PagesWhen sex education was first introduced into the school system there was a high amount of controversy. Many parents disagreed with the idea of the school teaching their children about sex, but some parents were in agreement with the benefits that sex education would offer their children. The idea of teaching sex education offered many probable benefits, such as introducing children to contraception and the risks of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) at a young age could help to prevent teen pregnancyRead MoreLets Talk About Sex Education Essay1571 Words   |  7 PagesComprehensive sex education should be taught in public schools. The youth of today cannot make educated decisions regarding sex if they are not properly educated. Not educating America’s youth in all aspects of sex education is comparable to allowing them to drive without being taught. This choice of not allowing comprehensive sex education is schools is dangerous and can have life long consequences. These consequences will not only affect the individual but can ultimately affect America. It is vitalRead MoreThe Effects Of Teen Sexual Activity On The United States986 Words   |  4 Pages Introduction Most of us are familiar with the alarming statistics about teen sexual activity in the United States. Among high school students, 54 percent (including 61% of boys and 48% of girls) say they have had sexual intercourse. According to a 1992 Center for disease Control Study. The # of 9th Graders who say they ve had sex is 40%. In the past two decades, there has been an explosion in the # of sexually transmittedRead MoreIs Sex All That Matter?1108 Words   |  5 PagesJoyce Garity, she offers up commentary on today’s teenagers that are being bombarded with unrealistic expectations of their sexual behavior. Many of the unrealistic sexual images shown in television, advertisements, and magazines influence these adolescents behavior and dreams. Several of these advertisers trumpet sexuality making the teenagers expectation for their own sexual life unrealistic and unsafe, due to the fact that they are unaware of the consequences that can occur; For example, sexuallyRead MoreSexual Education Classes Should Be Taught1168 Words   |  5 Pagesproper education. Sexual Education classes should be mandatorily taught in public schools to benefit the adolescents who are more susceptible to sexually transmitted diseases, who are sexually active, and who lack positive decision making skills. â€Å"Educators feel apprehensive or unsure in tackling the topics of sex, sexuality, and sexual health. They feel very overawed about where to start or disorderly about what to teach and when to teach it.† (plannedparenthood.org) However, the sex education classesRead MoreThe Canadian Guidelines For Sexual Education1665 Words   |  7 PagesSexual education is an important topic which as to be addressed due to the growing debates as to weather it should be implemented within the school system. The Canadian Guidelines for Sexual Health Education states that sexual education curriculums addresses a range of topics including â€Å"puberty, effective contraceptive methods, prevention of STI/HIV, communication skills, sexual orientation, interpersonal relationships, and media literacy† (Public Health Agency of Canada). Children need to addressRead MoreShould Sex Education Be Taught? Essay1360 Words   |  6 Pagesaddressing sex education in my classroom. The state-mandate d teaching standards promoting a biased, abstinence-only program, however, do little to communicate reliable and inclusive information about sexuality. Texas provisions and education codes relating to sex education should sustain amendments that fully address the sexual health needs of every student, regardless of their gender identity, sexual orientation or sexual expression. Sex Education in Texas The topic of sex education in the UnitedRead MoreSex Education And Public Schools Essay1692 Words   |  7 Pagesaddress virginity, first sexual experiences, sex education in public schools, and abortion. The first two topics, virginity and first sexual experiences, coming from a personal perspective as well as some credible sources. I will also include the historical aspects of virginity, the creation and use of the concept, and why it’s in our society. The last topic is my concern for the lack of sex education in public schools and mentioning the harm of abstinence only sex education and the importance to provideRead MoreShould Sex Education Be Taught? High School?997 Words   |  4 Pagesteenagers are having sex. Some schools don’t teach sexual education and because of that students are suffering. There’s no way to make teenagers not have sex but there is away to teach them about having safe sex, that is why I believe that we need to require sexual education be taught in high school. According to the National Conference of State Legislatures, â€Å"Only 22 states require public schools to teach sex education (NCLS 2015).† With over 47 percent of high school students having sex, having 28

Strategic Business Analyst-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Mangement. Answer: Rich Picture The critiquing topics include vision, mission, strategic objective, strategic management process and SWOT analysis. All these aspects comprises as a strategic management. The Strategic Management Concepts map is illustrated below Synopsis Any organization requires a strategy for taking its company to reach great heights. These refer to the vision, mission and strategic objectives. The need for strategy in the organization is important because, the business environment is increasingly becoming unpredictable. This report's objective is to understand what a strategy is; its importance; how it can be developed and implemented; and how it is related to business analysts. Critique The business is depicted by its operations, its organizational structure, policies, methods, location and customer satisfaction. All these aspects can be well structured by a business architecture. Based on the author's point of view the IT strategy for the business supports the company to have business strategies that are competitive and innovative (Becker, 2015). Thus, it can deliver the necessary business efficiencies. The vison and mission are necessary aspects for defining the objective of the business. The strategic objectives are the possibilities, goals that can be measured and the milestones. It is very important to undergo environmental scan with various methods and techniques like PESTLE, MOST analysis technique and Porters five forces Model (Cadle, Turner and Paul, 2010). It helps to understand the current stance of the business, which is called as Business analysis. It is substantially important to analyze the business, to understand the necessary change. Thus, Strategy in simple words is a Change. Finally, SWOT analysis helps in analyzing the results of the environmental scan. It is not easy to implement a strategy, because it has considerable issues to look up like- The urgency and need of implementing the strategy; the size of change; the organization's ability to absorb change; and the readiness of the organization to accept the change. Business analyst has a vital role in strategic planning, as follows (Hass, 2008): Provides information about project investments. Defines and manages the requirements of the business. Takes part in tactical activities. To validate the information of meeting the business requirements. Strategic management helps to resolve the issues of the business analysts like, tracking the cost of the business and its benefit; prevention from errors and much more (Pullan and Archer, 2013). Reflection It is concluded that the strategy is a scope and direction for the company's long term plan, for satisfying the expectations of the stakeholders. Strategy is categorized into three levels namely, corporate, business unit and operational level. Strategy for an organization can be developed based on the detailed analysis of the enterprise. Therefore, the strategic plan works as a road map for the organization, to meet its long term goals. Henceforth, the strategic management comes to the rescue of the business analysts, because of the issues in implementing the strategy References Becker, L. (2015). Roadmap to the Strategic Business Analyst and how it crosses other disciplines.BBC Conference. [online] Available at: https://www.buildingbusinesscapability.com/presentations/2015/2196.pdf. Cadle, J., Turner, P. and Paul, D. (2010).Business analysis techniques. London [England]: British Computer Society. Hass, K. (2008).The business analyst as strategist. Vienna, VA: Management Concepts. Pullan, P. and Archer, J. (2013).Business analysis and leadership. London: Kogan Page Limite

Oot of School Youth free essay sample

Prepared by:Osorio, Marie Ann Dominic/ Galvez, Anthony Ross BSCS- 1A To be submitted to Mr. Albert E. Arenas General Topic: Out of School Youth What:Reasons/ Causes of being out of school youth. Who:children (ages 6- 17) and teenagers (ages 18- 24) Where: Philippines Narrowed Topic: Reasons/ Causes of being out of school youth of children and teenagers in the Philippines Key Questions: 1. What is out of school youth? 2. What are the reasons/ factors of being out of school youth? 3. What are the things that could help those out of school youth? 1 of every 8 Filipino youths not in school–survey By  RizaT. Olchondra Philippine Daily Inquirer 2:12 am | Sunday, November 6th, 2011 One out of eight Filipinos aged between six and 24 is an out-of-school youth (OSY), according to the 2010 Annual Poverty Indicators Survey (APIS) of the National Statistics Office (NSO). This translates to about 16 percent of the estimated 39 million Filipinos in that age bracket, or 6. 24 million people, the NSO said in a report released last week. It said that among the main reasons cited by both males and females for not attending school were â€Å"lack of personal interest,† â€Å"high cost of education,† and â€Å"looking for work. † OSY defined According to the office, the term OSY refers to family members six to 17 years old who are not attending a formal school as well as family members 18 to 24 years old who are currently out of school, not gainfully employed and had not finished college or a post-secondary course. â€Å"Among OSYs who are six to 12 years old, lack of personal interest and too young to go to school are two leading reasons, for both males and females,† NSO administrator Carmelita N. Ericta said in the report. Lack of personal interest was also the commonly cited reason for OSYs 13 to 17 years of age, followed by the high cost of education, according to Ericta. For OSYs aged 18 to 24 years, looking for work was cited as the main reason among males, and marriage among females, she added. The state-owned think-tank Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS) said that Filipino families and the Philippine government put a high premium on education, but school participation still remained wanting precisely because of the reasons cited in the NSO study. The PIDS said that addressing the   â€Å"lack of interest† was particularly important because it could be a catch-all phrase for anything, from adjustments due to late school entry to lack of financial or parental support. Besides improving the quality of education and the accessibility of schools, PIDS suggested that the government improve information campaigns on what age children should start going to school and promote continuing education for mothers so that they would support school attendance among their children. Major factor Lack of parental support for education was found to be a major factor in children’s â€Å"lack of interest† in going to school. In addressing the economic blocks to school participation, PIDS said, the government’s conditional cash transfer program might help families that decide to put their children to work rather than complete their education. The Annual Poverty Indicators poll is a nationwide survey conducted during the years when the Family Income and Expenditures Survey is not carried out. For a full survey, the number of samples is around 50,000 households. In the 2010 APIS round, only half of the sample size was used. Of the 21,023 eligible sample households for the 2010 APIS round, 20,103 were interviewed. This translated to a response rate of 95. percent at the national level. Bibliography Olchondra, Riza T. â€Å"1 of every 8 Filipino youths not in school– survey†. Philippine Daily Inquirer. November 6, 2011. Reasons/ Causes of being out DQ of school youth of children and teenagers in the Philippines â€Å"One out of eight Filipinos aged between six and 24 is an out-of-school youth (OSY), according to the 2010 Annual Poverty Indicators Survey (APIS) of the National Statistics Office (NSO). This translates to about 16 percent of the estimated 39 million Filipinos in that age bracket, or 6. 24 million people, the NSO said in a report released last week. It said that among the main reasons cited by both males and females for not attending school were â€Å"lack of personal interest,† â€Å"high cost of education,† and â€Å"looking for work. † OSY defined According to the office, the term OSY refers to family members six to 17 years old who are not attending a formal school as well as family members 18 to 24 years old who are currently out of school, not gainfully employed and had not finished college or a post-secondary course. â€Å"Among OSYs who are six to 12 years old, lack of personal interest and too young to go to school are two leading reasons, for both males and females,† NSO administrator Carmelita N. Ericta said in the report. Lack of personal interest was also the commonly cited reason for OSYs 13 to 17 years of age, followed by the high cost of education, according to Ericta. For OSYs aged 18 to 24 years, looking for work was cited as the main reason among males, and marriage among females, she added. The state-owned think-tank Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS) said that Filipino families and the Philippine government put a high premium on education, but school participation still remained wanting precisely because of the reasons cited in the NSO study. The PIDS said that addressing the   â€Å"lack of interest† was particularly important because it could be a catch-all phrase for anything, from adjustments due to late school entry to lack of financial or parental support. Besides improving the quality of education and the accessibility of schools, PIDS suggested that the government improve information campaigns on what age children should start going to school and promote continuing education for mothers so that they would support school attendance among their children. Major factor Lack of parental support for education was found to be a major factor in children’s â€Å"lack of interest† in going to school. In addressing the economic blocks to school participation, PIDS said, the government’s conditional cash transfer program might help families that decide to put their children to work rather than complete their education. The Annual Poverty Indicators poll is a nationwide survey conducted during the years when the Family Income and Expenditures Survey is not carried out. For a full survey, the number of samples is around 50,000 households. In the 2010 APIS round, only half of the sample size was used. Of the 21,023 eligible sample households for the 2010 APIS round, 20,103 were interviewed. This translated to a response rate of 95. 6 percent at the national level. † Olchondra Reasons/ Causes of being out S of school youth of children and teenagers in the Philippines According to the 2010 Annual Poverty Indicators Survey (APIS) of the National Statistic Office (NSO), one of eight Filipinos aged between six and twenty-four (6 amp; 24) is an out of school youth (OSY). It means that in 39 million Filipinos on that said age bracket, 6. 24 million (16%) of it were OSY. According to NSO, the term OSY refers to family members 6- 17 years old who are not attending a formal school as well as family members 18- 24 years old who are currently out of school, not gainfully employed and had not finished college or a post-secondary course. The major factor or reasons of being out of school youth is â€Å"lack of interest†. And the â€Å"lack of interest† of the children is due to â€Å"lack of parental support†. In addition, â€Å"lack of personal interest† and â€Å"too young to go to school† is the main reason of ages 6- 12 years old, same with ages 13- 17 years old. While looking for a job was cited as the main reason among males, and getting married is the main reason among females of ages 18- 24. Olchondra Reasons/ Causes of being out P of school youth of children and teenagers in the Philippines Out of School Youth (OSY) refers to children who are not attending formal school, and teenagers who had not finished college or a post-secondary course. According to NSO, 6. 4 million (16%) of the estimated 39 million Filipinos of ages 6- 24 years old were out of school youth (OSY). The major factor or reasons of being out of school youth is â€Å"lack of interest†. And the â€Å"lack of interest† of the children is due to â€Å"lack of parental support†. In addition, â€Å"lack of personal interest† and â€Å"too young to go to school† is the ma in reason of ages 6- 12 years old, same with ages 13- 17 years old. While looking for a job was cited as the main reason among males, and getting married is the main reason among females of ages 18- 24. Olchondra

How to Essay Sample - Helping You Enhance Your Writing Skills

How to Essay Sample - Helping You Enhance Your Writing SkillsThe 'how to essay sample' is one of the most important tools for an aspiring writer. You may not know it, but that quote from Malcolm Gladwell is very true - 'Not every great writer can write every great book.' But most good writers have one, if not more, excellent essay samples. The different types of writing skills and achievements are the basis for understanding how to write an essay and which type of writing it is best to be good at.There are many essays out there that offer the 'how to essay sample'. It might take a little work, and some thought, but you will eventually get your own special 'how to essay sample'. One of the reasons this is so true is because people are great with statistics. People will tell you, 'If you want to sell that house, use the same box as the other guy'. The 'how to essay sample' can be one of these elements that helps you hone in on your niche and specialize in it.As you begin to write, make a list of what you know and what you don't know, and start writing about it. Write down a long list of things you know, and then try to find out more. Do this over time, and eventually, you will become familiar with the kind of info and information that is going to be important in any project or any writer's life.People will always, even with the best of intentions, try to steer you in the direction of what they think you should be writing, and try to tell you what to say. This can easily be one of the mistakes that can hinder you in your journey toward writing an excellent, well-written essay.In order to write an excellent essay, it is essential to understand how to recognize and how to format an excellent 'how to essay sample'. In doing so, you will be better equipped to provide the information needed in a form that will be easy for your readers to understand.Now, you may ask why this is so important, and what a major consideration in your life. Well, there are several reasons wh y this is so, one of which is that a poorly written essay can make someone look less intelligent than they truly are.A great and a good essay sample will speak volumes about the writer. If you're not creating a good 'how to essay sample', you're not going to be giving your readers the information they need in order to understand your essays and build on them.

Halal Meats Specific Regulations

Abstract Muslims make up 25% of the world population and according to their religion, Islam; their diet is restricted. The Quran outlines specific regulations regarding halal meat. Muslims follow strictly the requirement that all meat meant for their consumption must be halal. The market trends in the world need to understand halal meat in order to increase sales in areas occupied by Muslims.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Halal Meat’s Specific Regulations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Muslims are not allowed to buy meat which is not halal as this also contravenes the teachings of the Quran. Whenever a consumer who is a Muslim visits a supermarket, the first thing he or she checks in the meat products is whether the products have the halal mark or not. This paper describes the methods used to verify halal products and the process followed to ensure meat is halal. The paper also seeks to establ ish why the Muslim religion and culture insists on the consumption of halal meat by its members. Introduction The religion of Muslims guides them through rules known as Shariah laws. Islamic law is outlined in the Holy Quran and Hadith which is the practice recommended by Prophet Muhammad. Eating for Muslims is considered as part of worship and every Muslim is required by the Shariah law to eat halal meat. The general guidelines for halal were adopted by a subsidiary body of Food and Agricultural Organization and World Health Organization known as Codex Alimentarius Commission. Its purpose was to protect consumers’ health and ensure global food trade was done fairly especially in reference to the requirements for halal.All halal meat has to be labeled as so. The economic worth of the Halal food market Muslims and non-Muslims consider halal food to be an important part of their diet. There exists a great business opportunity for non-Muslims to supply halal meat in order for th em to familiarize themselves with demand and supply chains of halal meat. Globally, Muslims are estimated to be over 1.5 billion. Their population is expected to grow at a rate of 3% annually. Halal meat is also consumed by Non-Muslims. For example, Mieder Alan, (1994), reported that in the UK, there are 2 million Muslims yet there are 6 million consumers of halal meat. Consumption of halal meat has increased over the years mainly due to increased income of Muslims globally. Many Muslims have immigrated into non-Muslim countries and due to their increased awareness of halal meat; the consumption of halal meat is expected to grow significantly over the years. Businessmen who sell all types of food products should understand halal meat’s requirements.Advertising Looking for research paper on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The requirements for halal meat production is specified in the Holy Quran in which Muslims a re informed of the type of food which is prohibited and are thus instructed to eat only halal food. All land animals are apart from those belonging to the cat family like lions, cheeteahs and pigs are considered halal. Animals with tusks and claws are considered as haram and must not be eaten. Haram animals according to the Hanafi School include but are not limited to;- wolf,hyena,cat,monkey,scorpion,leopard,tiger,cheetah,lion,leopard,bear,swine or pig, squirrel, hedgehog, snake, tortoise turtle, dog, crab ,jackal, donkey, lizard, fox, crocodile, weasel, elephant ,falcon, hawk, kite,bat,vulture,mouse,rat,all insects like mosquitoes, fly, wasp, spider and beetle. Muslims are allowed to eat meat from the following animals:-Camel, goat, sheep, buffalo, stag (deer),rabbit, cow (including mountain cow),fish (of all types, including prawns according to those who consider prawns to be a form of fish). Other animals that are considered halal include the nightingale, quail, parrot, francoli n,locust,partridge (heavy-bodied small-winged South American game bird),lark (North American yellow-breasted songbirds)sparrow,goose,ostrich,dove,pigeon,stork,rooster/chicken,peacock and starling. Slaughtering of land animals must be carried out as detailed out in the Shariah law. An animal must be alive before it is slaughtered. This act should be done by a Muslim who is sane and also above 18 years of age. The activity should be executed by cutting the esophagus in one cut while saying the words â€Å"Bismillah, Allahu Akbar† which means are words that praise God for providing food. For poultry, scalding should be done only after confirming that the animal is dead and when there is no more bleeding. This idea also applies during the dressing of carcass for ruminants. This action also applies to all the tools used for slaughter. In case there is need to change an abattoir from â€Å"non-halal† to halal, a special cleansing ceremony should be performed. This ritual is known as dibagh.For dibagh to be seen as completed, the equipment used for slaughter should be washed seven times using pure water mixed with soil so that is devoid of any impurities. This includes transportation, packaging and even display. These rules should be followed as outlined in the Shariah law.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Halal Meat’s Specific Regulations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The casings for halal products must be made from collagen, cellulose and intestines from halal animals that have been slaughtered according to the Shariah law. The package for halal meat should be non-hazardous to health and each container should be marked legibly to show that it is a halal product whose quality has been checked. The ingredients used in the processing of halal meat must be halal. All ingredients derived from forbidden sources like animals which are not slaughtered according to Sharia h law are not halal. This fact also applies to blood and blood related ingredients. Many food ingredients have been declared as haram (prohibited) by Islamic authorities and these include bacon or natural bacon flavor. Gelatin is considered as edible in respect to EEC’s Codex Alimentarius and is an animal product. Food products that are made from pork fat which are described as haram comprise sodium stearoyl lactylate, mono and diglycerides and lard. Enzymes derived from haram animals, grain or plant based ingredients with pig based carrier such as beta carotene (pig Gelatin) and butylated hydroxyl anisole or butylated hydroxyl toulene (pig based carrier), alcohol, blood plasma and blood plasma enzymes should not be eaten according to Ezquerro, A. (2010). Certain ingredients such as yeast’s extract from brewer’s yeast and cochineal or carmine color have been classified as doubtful by Islamic authorities. Avoiding them is highly encouraged. Prophet Muhammad in a hadith narrated by Bukhari advised the believers to avoid doubtful things. â€Å"Both halal and haram things are clear but in between them there are doubtful (suspicious) things and most of the people have no knowledge about them. Halal Certification Due to the upsurge in Muslim populations around the world, the Muslim Consumer Group has emerged. It verifies food products to ensure they meet dhabiha standards. They certify by labeling the halal consumer products using the H-MCG symbol. Halal certification confirms that the contents and methods of processing have been tested and found to be fit for human consumption by a certifying body. Companies which export products to countries inhabited by Muslims are permitted by a Halal certifier. An example of a halal certifier is Islamic Services of America.Advertising Looking for research paper on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Principle of quality assurance There is risk of contamination of halal meat within the meat chain. A good example of this contamination is when halal meat comes in contact with pork, which is haram. It is difficult for the consumer to verify the status of halal meat before purchase. To safeguard against this potential risk, there was need for quality assurance hence the establishment of the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP).This the body mandated to ensure maintenance of quality assurance within the meat chain. This body is governed by seven principles as listed below: HCP1: Halal Animal HCP2: Animal Welfare Slaughter Process HCP3: Stunning HCP4: Knife HCP5: Slaughter Person HCP6: Slaughter Method HCP7: Invocation Gilbert, P. (2009), suggested a HACCP approach with a good number of halal control points considered to be critical at the time of slaughtering the animal by ensuring that the animal is halal. Gilbert, P. (2009), suggested that the entire meat chain should be controlled and should not just dwell at the abattoir only. It should also focus on risks associated with the origin of the animal at the farm where it was kept and also the mode of transportation to the slaughterhouse to ensure that there is no contamination whatsoever with haram animals. The following are the halal critical control points (HCPs). Halal breeding – HCP1 The species of the animal must be acceptable. Haram species cannot become halal just because they have been slaughtered using halal principles. In the Hadith, according to Abu-Dawud, it is recorded that â€Å"Allah does not allow eating any animal, which eats filthy food and drinks its own milk animals that feed on meat or animal protein are not to be eaten†. Halal and haram meat should not come into contact with each other at all stages of the halal meat chain. Animal welfare – HCP2 According to Islam, animals must be handled in a humane manner not only during slaughter but even before the slaug hter; they should be fed and given water. The knife should not be sharpened in view of the animal. Slaughtering one animal should be done in the absence of other animals. To quote the Hadith Shaddid b. Aus said: ‘‘when you slaughter an animal, do so in a humane way† (Ezquerro, 2010). Stunning – HCP3 According to Corey, M.S et al. (2010), the Shariah law allows stunning; so long as stunning does not kill the animal, Muslims are discouraged from consuming blood and carcasses.They are encouraged to handle animals in a humane manner before, during and after slaughter. Knife – HCP4 The knife to be used for slaughtering any animal should have the appropriate levels of sharpness to prevent the animal from excessive and painful bleeding before it dies. The size of the knife should be of the same size to that of animal’s neck. Slaughter person – HCP5 The individual meant to conduct the actual the act of slaughtering the animal must be a person wh o is considered forthright and of sound mind. The individual can either be a Muslim or a Christian. Muslims differ on the interpretation of this law. One class of Muslims believes that the meat which is slaughtered by them is not allowed unless they mention the name of God during the slaughtering. Certain other Muslims believe that the meat slaughtered by Jews or Christians, halal is fit for human consumption since it is allowed by the Quran. They also believe that the prophet Muhammad used to eat meat prepared by Jews or Christians but while eating such meat, Muslims must mention the name of God. Slaughter method – HCP6 The activity of slaughtering the animal is conducted by cutting the front side of the neck. The animal should face Mecca before slaughtering. Ruminants and poultry should be slaughtered by hand. It has become common in Western countries to perform machine slaughter and this practice has gained acceptance by Muslims around the world. Invocation – HCP7 D uring slaughter, the name of Allah must be invoked. The usual formula is ‘‘In the name of Allah; Allah is the greatest’’. This is done for the following reasons:-1.To remind the slaughterer to observe the prescribed requirements and to show that the animal is being dedicated to God (Blanton Jaccard, 2008). 2. To confirm that the animal is being slaughtered for food and not for leisure. Packaging and labeling – HCP8 A reputable supervisory body ought to supervise the packaging and labeling of all halal meat. The body therefore becomes an independent control to ensure adherence to quality assurance. The certification should be done for each meat product. Retailing – HCP9 To prevent contamination of halal meat with haram meat, proper care must be exercised from the abattoir to the retail location. The Muslim religion and culture is thus seen to be elaborative and clear on what is halal and haram given the review of the two subjects in the paper. References Blanton, H., Jaccard, J. (2008). Unconscious Racism: A Concept in Pursuit of a Measure. Annual Review of Sociology. Texas, USA: Department of Psychology, Texas AM University. Corey, M.S et al. (2010). Groups: Process and Practice (8th ed Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning. Ezquerro, A. (2010). Cohesion and coherency in group analysis. Group Analysis, 43, Connecticut, USA: Cengage Learning. Gilbert, P. (2009). Compassion-focused therapy: distinctive features.CBT Distinctive Features Series. New York: Taylor Francis. Hastings, A. (1997).The Construction of Nationhood: Ethnicity, Religion, and Nationalism, Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. Mieder, W, Alan, D. (1994).The wisdom of many: essays on the proverb. (Originally published in 1981 by Garland. Wisconsin, USA: University of Wisconsin Press. Pryor, F., Britain, B. (1998).Life in Britain and Ireland before the Romans by Francis. Oxford, United Kingdom: Harper Perennial. 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